JIM DOWNS is the Gilder Lehrman-National Endowment for the Humanities Professor of History at Gettysburg College, a 2025-26 Guggenheim Fellow, and the director of the African American History Program at the Library Company of Philadelphia. In addition to coediting Beyond Freedom: Disrupting the History of Emancipation and Connexions: Histories of Race and Sex in North America, he has authored Maladies of Empire: How Colonialism, Slavery, and War Transformed Medicine; and Sick from Freedom: African-American Illness and Suffering During the Civil War and Reconstruction.