Leon Panetta served as the director of the Central Intelligence Agency from 2009-2011, and as secretary of defense from 2011-2013. An Italian American Democrat, he was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1977-1993, the director of the Office of Management and Budget from 1993-1994, and President Clinton's chief of staff from 1994-1997. He is the founder of the Panetta Institute for Public Policy, and has served as professor of public policy at his alma mater, Santa Clara University.